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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code which represents ownership of a digital concept sort of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing via a central authority, such as a bank or payment gateway. It is made and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the world, using free software.
It was the very first instance of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength category that shares some features of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, which could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of dedicated computers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can readily be replicated and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to other people. Holders of this currency (and notably citizens with little alternative) bear the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is closely controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been attained. This makes bitcoin more attractive as an advantage in theory, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol checks all previous transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin as well as the ability to send them.
In practice, each user is identified with the address of their wallet. Transactions can, with some effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify users if necessary.
Additionally, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their clients before they're allowed to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say ok, return the money. When a transaction is recorded on the network, and when more than an hour has passed, it is impossible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet some, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) in todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is useful content a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.